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Mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated student population, The Netherlands, 2004

Heinrich J Brockhoff1, Liesbeth Mollema, Gerard J B Sonder

  • 1Department Infectious Disease, Municipal Health Service, The Hague, The Netherlands.

Vaccine
|March 2, 2010
PubMed

Insights

A 2004 mumps outbreak in a Dutch hotel school saw a 12% attack rate. Mumps contact was a risk factor, with vaccinated individuals showing a similar rate to unvaccinated ones.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Mumps outbreaks can occur even in vaccinated populations.
  • Understanding transmission dynamics and risk factors is crucial for control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a mumps outbreak at an international hotel school in the Netherlands.
  • To identify independent risk factors associated with mumps transmission in this setting.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study during a September 2004 mumps outbreak.
  • Calculation of mumps attack rates (AR) for vaccinated and unvaccinated participants.
  • Statistical analysis to identify independent risk factors.

Main Results:

  • A total of 105 mumps cases were reported, with an overall attack rate of 12%.
  • The AR among Dutch vaccinated participants was 12%, and among unvaccinated participants was 15%.
  • Direct contact with mumps was identified as an independent risk factor.

Conclusions:

  • High mumps virus exposure in a crowded school environment contributed to the outbreak.
  • Primary vaccine failure, waning immunity, and incomplete vaccine-induced immunity may explain the high AR in vaccinated individuals.
  • Outbreak investigation is essential for understanding vaccine effectiveness and informing public health strategies.

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