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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

Murine Drinking Models in the Development of Pharmacotherapies for Alcoholism: Drinking in the Dark and Two-bottle Choice

Published on: January 7, 2019

The shifting beverage landscape.

Maureen Storey¹

¹American Beverage Association 1101 16th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036, United States. mstorey@ameribev.org

Physiology & Behavior

|March 2, 2010

Summary

Beverage calorie content per ounce has decreased, and school beverage changes show a positive impact. Focusing solely on sweetened drinks won't solve the obesity crisis; energy balance is key.

Area of Science:

Physiology
Behavioral Science
Public Health Nutrition

Background:

Lifestyle changes over recent decades have created an energy intake/expenditure imbalance, contributing to rising overweight and obesity rates.
Total daily calories available per capita increased by 28% since 1970, with significant increases in overall energy intake.
While some attribute obesity disproportionally to beverage intake, industry data suggests a decrease in beverage calories per ounce.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze trends in beverage consumption and their caloric contribution to overall energy intake.
To evaluate the impact of changes in beverage availability, particularly in schools, on public health.
To assess the role of beverage intake in the complex issue of obesity prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

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Analysis of data from the Beverage Marketing Corporation (1988-2008) on beverage industry calorie production.
Examination of National Cancer Institute data on soft drink caloric contribution to daily intake.
Comparison of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (1999-2003 vs. 2003-06) for beverage consumption shifts.
Evaluation of the impact of the School Beverage Guidelines implemented in 2006.

Main Results:

Beverage industry data indicates fewer calories per ounce are being produced.
Soft drink intake accounts for approximately 5.5% of daily calories.
A shift in beverage consumption patterns was observed across various age and gender groups.
Implementation of School Beverage Guidelines led to a significant reduction in total beverage calories within schools through the removal of full-calorie soft drinks and the introduction of lower-calorie options.

Conclusions:

Public health strategies for obesity prevention and treatment should prioritize overall energy balance.
A narrow focus on sweetened beverages is insufficient to address the multifaceted problem of obesity.
Changes in beverage offerings, such as those implemented in schools, demonstrate potential for positive public health impact.