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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets
09:09

An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

Published on: April 18, 2016

Dendritic cell subsets digested: RNA sensing makes the difference!

Sonja I Buschow1, Carl G Figdor

  • 1Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Immunity
|March 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dendritic cell (DC) subsets in mouse spleens were quantitatively profiled. This research reveals distinct RNA sensors used by different DC subsets for recognizing viruses, offering key insights into innate immunity.

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Optimized Protocol for Efficient Transfection of Dendritic Cells without Cell Maturation
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Optimized Protocol for Efficient Transfection of Dendritic Cells without Cell Maturation

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets
09:09

An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

Published on: April 18, 2016

Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro
06:12

Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro

Published on: March 7, 2022

Optimized Protocol for Efficient Transfection of Dendritic Cells without Cell Maturation
08:08

Optimized Protocol for Efficient Transfection of Dendritic Cells without Cell Maturation

Published on: July 8, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Proteomics
  • Innate Immunity

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial immune cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Understanding DC subset heterogeneity is vital for dissecting immune responses.
  • Previous studies lacked comprehensive proteomic data for distinct DC subsets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate a comprehensive quantitative proteome of mouse spleen dendritic cell subsets.
  • To identify differences in molecular machinery, specifically RNA sensors, between DC subsets.
  • To provide a foundational dataset for future immunological research.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative proteomic analysis of isolated mouse spleen dendritic cell subsets.
  • Mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify and quantify proteins.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to interpret proteomic data and identify functional differences.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive proteomic dataset for mouse spleen dendritic cell subsets was generated.
  • Significant differences in protein expression were observed between DC subsets.
  • Key finding: distinct DC subsets utilize different RNA sensors for viral recognition, impacting pathogen sensing.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides an encyclopedic proteomic resource for mouse spleen DCs.
  • DC subsets exhibit specialized molecular repertoires for sensing viral RNA.
  • This heterogeneity in RNA sensor utilization shapes innate immune responses to viruses.