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Related Concept Videos

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

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An Automated Method to Determine the Performance of Drosophila in Response to Temperature Changes in Space and Time
06:52

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Published on: October 12, 2018

Physiological climatic limits in Drosophila: patterns and implications.

A A Hoffmann1

  • 1The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. ary@unimelb.edu.au

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|March 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physiological limits in Drosophila reveal high evolvability for thermal and arid stresses, but resistance plateaus exist. Tropical species may face threats from changing climate conditions, particularly drier environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Environmental Physiology

Background:

  • Physiological limits dictate organismal susceptibility to environmental shifts.
  • These limits can be evaluated across individual, population, and species/lineage levels.
  • Drosophila serves as a model organism for studying these limits and their implications for climate change adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss physiological limits at different levels in Drosophila.
  • To assess implications for determining species susceptibility to climate change.
  • To explore the evolvability of stress resistance in Drosophila populations and species.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data on Drosophila, including selection experiments.
  • Analysis of heritable variation and evolvability for thermal and desiccation resistance.
  • Comparison of physiological limits across different Drosophila species and lineages.

Main Results:

  • Drosophila populations exhibit high heritable variation and evolvability for coping with thermal and arid stresses, except for high-temperature resistance.
  • Tropical Drosophila species show limited capacity to evolve increased desiccation and cold resistance.
  • Phylogenetic conservatism is observed for resistance to thermal extremes, with more variation in lower thermal limits and desiccation resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Tropical Drosophila species are not necessarily more threatened by warming temperatures than temperate species.
  • However, humid-tropical species may be vulnerable to drier conditions due to limited genetic adaptation capacity.
  • Plastic responses influence individual limits but evolve slowly in Drosophila, suggesting genetic adaptation is crucial for long-term survival.