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Related Concept Videos

Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
18:57

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

Membrane transporters in drug development.

, Kathleen M Giacomini, Shiew-Mei Huang

    Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery
    |March 2, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study provides International Transporter Consortium recommendations for drug development, guiding clinical studies on drug transporter interactions to ensure drug safety and efficacy. It offers decision trees for assessing transporter roles in drug absorption and disposition.

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    Expression, Detergent Solubilization, and Purification of a Membrane Transporter, the MexB Multidrug Resistance Protein
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    Expression, Detergent Solubilization, and Purification of a Membrane Transporter, the MexB Multidrug Resistance Protein

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    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

    Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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    Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

    Published on: October 17, 2013

    High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies
    07:10

    High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

    Published on: September 29, 2023

    Expression, Detergent Solubilization, and Purification of a Membrane Transporter, the MexB Multidrug Resistance Protein
    10:43

    Expression, Detergent Solubilization, and Purification of a Membrane Transporter, the MexB Multidrug Resistance Protein

    Published on: December 3, 2010

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Drug Development
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Membrane transporters significantly influence drug pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy.
    • Key questions arise regarding clinically important transporters and suitable in vitro study methods for drug interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide recommendations from the International Transporter Consortium on drug transporter interactions.
    • To present decision trees to guide clinical studies on important drug transporter interactions during drug development.

    Main Methods:

    • The International Transporter Consortium developed recommendations and decision trees.
    • Guidance is provided for assessing transporter roles in drug absorption, disposition, and interactions.

    Main Results:

    • Recommendations support clinical development and new drug application filings.
    • Timing of transporter investigations should align with efficacy, safety, and clinical trial needs.

    Conclusions:

    • Transporter investigations are crucial for understanding drug properties (ADME) and informing drug labeling.
    • The recommendations aim to optimize drug development by addressing transporter-mediated effects.