Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes01:28

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450 isoenzymes,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Patterns of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Sarcomas With High Tumor Burden and/or Mismatch Repair Deficiency.

JCO precision oncology·2026
Same author

Intratumoral TLR4 agonist therapy elicits antigen-specific T cell clonal expansion in metastatic leiomyosarcoma: a case series.

Frontiers in oncology·2026
Same author

A Phase 1 Study of Neoadjuvant Cabozantinib in Combination With Radiation Therapy for Sarcomas of the Extremities.

American journal of clinical oncology·2026
Same author

Multicenter phase II trial of ipilimumab and nivolumab in metastatic or unresectable perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa): a substudy of <i>D</i>ual <i>A</i>nti-CTLA-4 and Anti-PD-1 blockade in <i>R</i>are <i>T</i>umors (DART) SWOG S1609 (Cohort 38).

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2025
Same author

Overcoming Mineral Scaling Challenges in Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Brines: The Roles of Silica, Fe(II), and Mn(II) in Electrochemical Intercalation.

Environmental science & technology·2025
Same author

ASO Visual Abstract: Natural History of Primary Retroperitoneal Extra-Visceral Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors (PECOMA): A Study from Transatlantic and Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group (TARPSWG).

Annals of surgical oncology·2025
Same journal

The impact of the rise of the chatbots: transforming genetics clinical delivery and research.

Personalized medicine·2026
Same journal

Digital biomarkers in chronic disease management: a systematic review of personalization and ethical challenges.

Personalized medicine·2026
Same journal

Toward a harmonized assessment of MRD by NGS: blinded pilot study of NGS assays by MPAACT consortium.

Personalized medicine·2026
Same journal

Expression levels of microRNA-550a-5p in patients with spinal metastases from non-small cell lung cancer.

Personalized medicine·2026
Same journal

Epigenetic and genetic insights for tailored therapeutic strategies in multiple sclerosis.

Personalized medicine·2026
Same journal

Deciphering the multi-organ anti-fibrotic mechanisms of pirfenidone and nintedanib via network pharmacology.

Personalized medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

Pharmacogenetics and personal genomes.

Michael J Wagner1

  • 1Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-27361, USA.

Personalized Medicine
|March 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacogenetics, the study of genotype and drug response, will be transformed by personal genome data. New information management tools are essential for integrating this genetic data into clinical practice.

More Related Videos

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
09:34

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
09:34

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Genomic Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Pharmacogenetics, linking genotype to drug response, currently has limited clinical impact.
  • The 'personal genome' era promises significant advancements in pharmacogenetic applications.
  • High-throughput technologies are generating vast amounts of human genetic variation data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the transformative potential of personal genome information on pharmacogenetics.
  • To identify the need for advanced information management tools to handle genomic data.
  • To ensure effective integration of pharmacogenetic data into clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advances in high-throughput technologies for genetic variation characterization (e.g., genotyping, next-generation sequencing).
  • Discussion of the implications of large-scale genetic data for pharmacogenetic discovery and application.
  • Identification of necessary information management tools for researchers and clinicians.

Main Results:

  • Personal genome data will significantly increase the impact of pharmacogenetics.
  • Next-generation sequencing and genotyping technologies are rapidly advancing.
  • A substantial increase in genetic information necessitates new data management solutions.

Conclusions:

  • The advent of personal genomes necessitates robust information management systems.
  • Electronic medical records, bioinformatic algorithms, and decision support tools are crucial.
  • Effective management of genomic data is key to realizing pharmacogenetics' clinical potential.