Dissectable modified three-dimensional temporal bone and whole skull base models for training in skull base...

Area of Science:

• Anatomical Education
• Surgical Simulation
• Medical Modeling

Background:

• Cadaveric dissection is crucial for skull base surgery training but is limited.
• A need exists for effective, accessible training alternatives.
• Three-dimensional (3D) models can potentially bridge this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate modified 3D artificial bone models for skull base surgery training.
• To create realistic anatomical structures including dura mater, venous sinuses, carotid artery, and cranial nerves.
• To assess the models' efficacy in teaching 3D anatomy and surgical techniques.

Main Methods:

• Commercially available 3D temporal bone and skull base models were modified with artificial dura mater (silicone), venous sinuses (silicone), cranial nerves (rubber fibers), and carotid artery (vinyl tube).
• Surgical techniques were simulated using a high-speed drill under an operating microscope on the modified models.
• Dissected models were evaluated using bone density computed tomography (CT) scans to verify bony removal areas.

Main Results:

• The 3D models accurately replicated surface details and internal bony structures like cranial foramina and inner ear organs.
• Simulations demonstrated the feasibility of performing skull base surgical techniques on the artificial models.
• CT scans confirmed the precision of bony removal during simulated dissections.

Conclusions:

• Modified 3D artificial bone models serve as effective educational tools for skull base surgery.
• These models facilitate a clear understanding of 3D anatomy and the acquisition of surgical skills.
• The proposed models provide a desirable substitute for limited cadaver dissection opportunities in surgical training.