Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase C—inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Computational modeling for precision targeting of conductivity-clamped gene electrotransfer within the striatum of the human brain.

Journal of neural engineering·2026
Same author

Expression of the P2X1 receptor remains in the type II spiral ganglion neurons in the mature rat cochlea.

Purinergic signalling·2026
Same author

Cochlear Homeostasis in Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Prospects.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Subcellular localization of the P2X4 receptor in sensory hair cells of Wistar rat cochlea.

Histochemistry and cell biology·2025
Same author

An overview of World Health Organization guidance aiming to increase global access to critical hearing aid services.

International journal of audiology·2025
Same author

Exploration of family/whānau and general practitioner perspectives of paediatric grommet services: a mixed methods study.

Journal of primary health care·2025
Same journal

Disruption of the Gut Microbiome and Mental Health Effects Connected to Environmental Pollutants via the Gut-Brain Axis.

Current neuropharmacology·2026
Same journal

Gabapentinoids for Neuropathic Pain Management: A Systematic Umbrella Review.

Current neuropharmacology·2026
Same journal

Spatial Transcriptomic Dissection of the Cellular and Molecular Architecture of Fear Memory and its Association with Memory Function.

Current neuropharmacology·2026
Same journal

Bridging Glial Cell Membrane Proteins and Mitochondria for Combating CNS Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases.

Current neuropharmacology·2026
Same journal

Exposure to Ketamine and 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine Impairs Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Human Cerebral Organoids: Implications for Neurodevelopmental Toxicity.

Current neuropharmacology·2026
Same journal

Regulated Cell Death and Neurological Diseases - Emerging Pathways and Therapeutic Implications.

Current neuropharmacology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity
09:52

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity

Published on: March 16, 2018

Adenosine and the auditory system.

Srdjan M Vlajkovic1, Gary D Housley, Peter R Thorne

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. s.vlajkovic@auckland.ac.nz

Current Neuropharmacology
|March 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenosine signaling protects the cochlea from oxidative stress, a key factor in hearing loss. Targeting adenosine receptors and related enzymes offers promising therapeutic strategies for inner ear pathologies.

Keywords:
Adenosineadenosine receptorscochleadeafnesshearingnoiseototoxicity.oxidative stress

More Related Videos

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem
10:14

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem

Published on: June 9, 2017

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice
08:51

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

Published on: May 10, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity
09:52

Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity

Published on: March 16, 2018

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem
10:14

In Ovo Electroporation in the Chicken Auditory Brainstem

Published on: June 9, 2017

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice
08:51

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

Published on: May 10, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Adenosine is a crucial signaling molecule acting through G protein-coupled receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, A3).
  • Its role in auditory function, particularly cochlear protection from oxidative stress, is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on adenosine's role in auditory function and cochlear protection.
  • To explore therapeutic potential targeting the adenosine system for inner ear pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on adenosine signaling in the mammalian cochlea.
  • Analysis of adenosine receptor distribution and function in auditory pathways.
  • Examination of enzymes and transporters involved in adenosine metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Adenosine receptors are present in the cochlea, involved in sensory transduction and neurotransmission.
  • A1 adenosine receptors demonstrate otoprotective effects against acoustic trauma and ototoxic drugs.
  • The balance of A1 and A2A receptors is critical for cochlear response to oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

  • Adenosine signaling, particularly via A1 receptors, holds significant promise for treating cochlear injury.
  • Targeting adenosine metabolism enzymes and transporters presents novel therapeutic avenues.
  • Modulating the adenosine system offers potential for managing oxidative stress-related inner ear diseases.