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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children

An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children

Published on: October 4, 2018

On Strong Anticipation.

N Stepp¹, M T Turvey

¹University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Rd, U-1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020.

Cognitive Systems Research

|March 2, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study differentiates weak anticipation (internal models) from strong anticipation (system regularities). It argues strong anticipation is crucial for understanding biological systems and ubiquitous phenomena.

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Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

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Published on: May 9, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children

An Electrophysiology Protocol to Measure Reward Anticipation and Processing in Children

Published on: October 4, 2018

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Area of Science:

Cognitive Science
Neuroscience
Dynamical Systems Theory

Background:

The dominant view in cognitive science and neuroscience assumes weak anticipation, relying on internal models for perception and action.
However, the ubiquity of anticipation in biological systems, including homeostasis, suggests a need for a broader understanding.
Dubois (2003) proposed a distinction between weak and strong anticipation.

Purpose of the Study:

To formally distinguish between weak and strong anticipation.
To explore the phenomenon of anticipating synchronization in dynamical systems.
To investigate the role of strong anticipation in physical systems, biological rhythms, learning, and motor control.

Main Methods:

Elaboration of anticipating synchronization in coupled dynamical systems with time delays.
Analysis of strictly physical systems.
Examination of circadian rhythms, Pavlovian learning, and forward models in motor control.

Main Results:

A formal distinction between weak anticipation (internal simulations) and strong anticipation (lawful system regularities) is developed.
Anticipating synchronization is elaborated as a mechanism for strong anticipation.
The study identifies a common thread in strongly anticipatory systems across diverse examples.

Conclusions:

Strong anticipation, arising from inherent system dynamics, is essential for understanding biological ubiquity.
The findings challenge the exclusive reliance on internal models (weak anticipation) in cognitive science.
This work advances the understanding of "internal", "model", and "prediction" by highlighting the significance of system-inherent anticipatory processes.