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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Published on: July 19, 2007

[Delayed pressure urticaria with systemic manifestations: Case report].

Sérgio Duarte Dortas¹, Solange Oliveira Rodrigues Valle, Andréa Huguenim Silva Pires

¹Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. sdortasjr@gmail.com

Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia

|March 2, 2010

Summary

Delayed Pressure Urticaria is a rare condition often misdiagnosed due to its unique symptoms and potential systemic effects. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges, even for specialists.

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Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

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Published on: May 2, 2013

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Published on: July 19, 2007

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Immunology

Background:

Delayed Pressure Urticaria (DPU) is an uncommon physical urticaria characterized by delayed wheal and flare reactions to pressure.
DPU can present with systemic symptoms, complicating diagnosis and differentiating it from classical urticaria.
Underdiagnosis is frequent, even among specialists, due to its atypical presentation.

Observation:

A case report details a patient presenting with typical pressure-induced lesions consistent with DPU.
The patient also exhibited fever and leukocytosis, symptoms not typically associated with uncomplicated DPU.
These systemic signs prompted hospital admission for infectious disease investigation.

Findings:

The patient's presentation mimicked an infectious process due to fever and leukocytosis.
Diagnostic delay occurred because the characteristic delayed pressure urticaria symptoms were overshadowed by systemic signs.
This case underscores the importance of considering DPU even in the presence of seemingly unrelated systemic manifestations.

Implications:

Highlights the diagnostic complexity of Delayed Pressure Urticaria, particularly when systemic symptoms are present.
Emphasizes the need for heightened clinical suspicion for DPU in patients with unexplained fever and leukocytosis.
Suggests that a broader differential diagnosis, including rare conditions like DPU, is crucial for accurate patient management.