Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis01:22

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as  cells...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Experimental Observations of DNA Vertex Pinning: Effect of Adsorbed Polymer Type and Electric Field Reversal.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Modeling the thermal behavior of photopolymers for in-space fabrication.

NPJ microgravity·2026
Same author

Reaction Kinetics of CRISPR <i>trans</i>-Cleavage Controlled Using Isotachophoresis.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

Microfluidic networks using isotachophoresis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Engineering guidelines for CRISPR diagnostics.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Degradation of Reporter Molecules Imposes a Fundamental Limit of Detection on CRISPR Diagnostics.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same journal

Kinship Inferences for Second-Degree Relatives With a Combination of STRs and Microhaplotypes.

Electrophoresis·2026
Same journal

Optimisation of Electrokinetic Extraction System: Colourimetric Determination of Copper (II) in Sand Using Polymer Inclusion Membrane.

Electrophoresis·2026
Same journal

Novel Phloroglucinol Derivatives as Neuraminidase Inhibitors Identified From Humulus lupulus L. Extract by At-Line Nanofractionation Platform.

Electrophoresis·2026
Same journal

Protein-Based High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Cyclodextrin-Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography for the Chiral Separation of Azoles.

Electrophoresis·2026
Same journal

Dynamics of Heparin Translocations Through Solid-State Nanopores.

Electrophoresis·2026
Same journal

Production of Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides From Lablab purpureus and Macrotyloma uniflorum via Optimized Extraction and Proteolysis Protocols.

Electrophoresis·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Electrophoretic Separation of Proteins
08:17

Electrophoretic Separation of Proteins

Published on: June 12, 2008

Ionic strength effects on electrophoretic focusing and separations.

Supreet S Bahga1, Moran Bercovici, Juan G Santiago

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Electrophoresis
|March 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic strength significantly impacts capillary electrophoresis (CE) separations and focusing. This study validates models predicting these effects, crucial for optimizing electrophoretic techniques.

More Related Videos

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
10:32

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids

Published on: March 2, 2012

Separation of Bioactive Small Molecules, Peptides from Natural Sources and Proteins from Microbes by Preparative Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) Method
09:57

Separation of Bioactive Small Molecules, Peptides from Natural Sources and Proteins from Microbes by Preparative Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) Method

Published on: June 14, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Electrophoretic Separation of Proteins
08:17

Electrophoretic Separation of Proteins

Published on: June 12, 2008

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
10:32

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids

Published on: March 2, 2012

Separation of Bioactive Small Molecules, Peptides from Natural Sources and Proteins from Microbes by Preparative Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) Method
09:57

Separation of Bioactive Small Molecules, Peptides from Natural Sources and Proteins from Microbes by Preparative Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) Method

Published on: June 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Electrophoretic techniques like capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and integrated rate (ITP) are vital for separations.
  • Understanding ionic strength effects is critical for accurate modeling and prediction of electrophoretic behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically and experimentally investigate the influence of ionic strength on electrophoretic focusing and separation.
  • To develop and validate predictive models for electrophoretic mobility and activity across varying ionic strengths.

Main Methods:

  • Coupling a numerical solver with the Onsager-Fuoss model for ionic mobility and extended Debye-Hückel theory for ionic activity.
  • Performing capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and integrated rate (ITP) experiments to validate simulation predictions.
  • Comparing simulation results with experimental data for fluorescein mobility and ITP analyte focusing.

Main Results:

  • Model predictions for fluorescein mobility and ITP preconcentration factors align well with experimental CZE and ITP data.
  • Simulations accurately captured qualitative differences in ITP analyte zone shape and order at varying ionic strengths (10 and 250 mM).
  • Simulated CZE experiments demonstrated significant changes in analyte peak selectivity and order due to ionic strength variations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed numerical models effectively predict the impact of ionic strength on electrophoretic separations and focusing.
  • These validated models are valuable tools for optimizing experimental conditions in capillary electrophoresis.
  • Accurate modeling of ionic strength effects enhances the predictability and reliability of electrophoretic separation techniques.