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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance
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Continuous surface functionalization of flame-made TiO2 nanoparticles.

Alexandra Teleki1, Nada Bjelobrk, Sotiris E Pratsinis

  • 1Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Hydrophilic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were successfully converted to hydrophobic ones using octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) in a flame aerosol reactor. This surface functionalization significantly improved nanoparticle suspension stability in organic solvents.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Hydrophilic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles often exhibit poor stability in organic solvents, limiting their applications.
  • Surface modification is crucial for enhancing nanoparticle dispersibility and performance in various media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an in-situ method for converting hydrophilic TiO2 nanoparticles to hydrophobic ones.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of silylation using octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) for surface functionalization.
  • To assess the stability of functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles in organic solvents.

Main Methods:

  • Flame aerosol reactor synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles.
  • In-situ silylation of TiO2 nanoparticles with octyltriethoxysilane (OTES).

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  • Characterization using TGA-MS, DSC, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, and nitrogen adsorption.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully achieved hydrophobic TiO2 nanoparticles through in-situ silylation.
    • Surface functionalization with OTES was thermally stable up to 300°C.
    • Functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated excellent suspension stability in 2-ethylhexanoic acid and xylene for several weeks, unlike hydrophilic counterparts.

    Conclusions:

    • In-situ silylation in a flame aerosol reactor is an effective method for producing stable hydrophobic TiO2 nanoparticles.
    • Surface functionalization with OTES significantly enhances nanoparticle dispersibility in organic solvents.
    • The developed method offers a pathway for utilizing TiO2 nanoparticles in diverse solvent-based applications.