Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

Multiple Voltage Sources

Multiple Voltage Sources

Generally, a single battery is not enough to power some devices. In such cases, batteries can be combined in two ways: in series or in parallel.
In series, the positive terminal of one battery is connected to the negative terminal of another battery. Hence, the voltage of each battery is added to give the net voltage, which is increased because each battery boosts the electrons that enter it. The same current flows through each battery because they are connected in series.
Batteries are...

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...

Sinusoidal Sources

Sinusoidal Sources

Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
In homes, the power supplies use sinusoidal sources to provide electricity. These sources generate a voltage that varies sinusoidally...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

COPING ARRANGEMENT OF SPOUSES WITH EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN FAMILY CONFLICTS.

Georgian medical news·2024

Same author

Surgical site infections in orthognathic surgery: prolonged versus single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·2022

Same author

Determination of blood loss in bimaxillary surgery: does the formula and the time point affect results?

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·2021

Same author

Influence of different techniques of secondary cleft lip revision surgery on upper lip projection.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·2019

Same author

Combining midfacial degloving, LeFort-I osteotomy and inferiorly extended lateral orbitotomy (Krönlein) for removal of an orbital cavernous haemangioma: a new approach.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·2018

Same author

Basal hypersecretion of glucagon and insulin from palmitate-exposed human islets depends on FFAR1 but not decreased somatostatin secretion.

Scientific reports·2017

Same journal

Compressed multi-scale entropy and its application in mechanical fault diagnosis.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

Bidirectional drive and multi-resolution adjustment across frequency bands in inertial impact piezoelectric motors via multimodal resonant vibration.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

A magnetic field sensor based on flaky Terfenol-D material and dual fiber grating.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

A novel E-field eight-way cavity combiner for high-power S-band applications.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

Constant radius blade spring suspended bench for vibration isolation.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

Qualification of infrared optical fibers and emitters for a spectrometer for in situ planetary exploration: Results from the TRIS (TRansmission and Illumination System) project.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space

A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space

Published on: February 1, 2016

Ion sources for MedAustron.

J Lettry¹, L Penescu, J Wallner

¹AB Department, CERN, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland. jacques.lettry@cern.ch

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|March 3, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

MedAustron

More Related Videos

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Preparing an Isotopically Pure ²²⁹Th Ion Beam for Studies of ^229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F⁻

Published on: July 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space

A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space

Published on: February 1, 2016

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Preparing an Isotopically Pure ²²⁹Th Ion Beam for Studies of ^229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F⁻

Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Accelerator Physics

Background:

The MedAustron Ion Therapy Center in Austria will utilize advanced accelerator technology.
Reliable and stable ion beams are crucial for both medical treatments and research.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the planned ion sources for the MedAustron facility.
To introduce a novel beam diagnostics technique for characterizing electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion beams.

Main Methods:

Description of ion source parameters, gas injection, temperature control, and cooling systems.
Implementation of a dedicated beam diagnostics technique using a movable aperture to select beam fractions.
Utilizing standard beam diagnostics to measure ion-current density, energy distribution, and emittance for each charge state.

Main Results:

The paper outlines the design features of the planned ion sources.
A method is proposed to characterize ECR ion beams by analyzing position-dependent observables.
These observables will be compared with simulation results for ECR electron heating, plasma, beam formation, and transport.

Conclusions:

The described ion sources and diagnostics are essential for the MedAustron facility's operational success.
The proposed diagnostics technique will enable detailed characterization of ion beams, crucial for optimizing therapy and research.
Validation through comparison with simulations will ensure the accuracy and reliability of beam characterization.