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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
11:45

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Published on: August 17, 2017

Electron beam ion source and electron beam ion trap (invited).

Reinard Becker1, Oliver Kester

  • 1Scientific Software Service, Kapellenweg 2a, D-63571 Gelnhausen, Germany. rbecker@egun-igun.com

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Electron beam ion sources (EBIS) and traps (EBIT) are crucial for highly charged ion production. Their development relies on physics principles and technological advancements, not guesswork.

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In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
10:22

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Published on: June 16, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
11:45

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Published on: August 17, 2017

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
10:22

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Published on: June 16, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Plasma Physics
  • Accelerator Science
  • Ion Source Technology

Background:

  • Electron Beam Ion Sources (EBIS) and Electron Beam Ion Traps (EBIT) are key technologies for generating highly charged ions.
  • These sources have undergone significant global development over recent decades.
  • Their advancement is rooted in a strong understanding of physical laws and technological limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical achievements in EBIS and EBIT technology.
  • To highlight promising future developments in ion source research.
  • To provide insights into the scientific and technological progress of these ion sources.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical data and technological advancements in EBIS/EBIT.
  • Analysis of physical principles governing ion generation and confinement.
  • Synthesis of past successes and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • EBIS and EBIT technologies have matured significantly over 40 and 20 years, respectively.
  • Progress in these fields is driven by fundamental physics and engineering.
  • A broad international development has occurred, showcasing diverse applications.

Conclusions:

  • The development of EBIS and EBIT is a testament to applied physics and engineering.
  • Future research promises further innovations in highly charged ion production.
  • Understanding physical constraints is key to advancing ion source technology.