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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

Design of a versatile multiaperture negative ion source.

M Cavenago1, T Kulevoy, S Petrenko

  • 1INFN-LNL, viale dell'Universita; n. 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy. cavenago@lnl.infn.it

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new negative ion source, NIO1, is being built to test components and validate simulations for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor's neutral beam injector. This device will help optimize negative ion beam extraction and optics.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Fusion Energy
  • Plasma Physics
  • Particle Accelerators

Background:

  • Negative ion sources are critical for neutral beam injectors in fusion devices like ITER.
  • Research focuses on beam extraction, optics, and optimization for these sources.
  • A small-scale negative ion source, NIO1, is under construction at Consorzio RFX.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To benchmark numerical simulation tools for negative ion sources.
  • To test essential components for neutral beam injectors.
  • To contribute to the development of ITER's neutral beam injector.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a small negative ion source (NIO1) capable of producing 130 mA of H(-) at 60 kV.
  • Detailed design of the NIO1 device, including magnet configuration.
  • Radio frequency (RF) coupling simulations for the ion source.

Main Results:

  • The NIO1 source is designed to validate simulation codes.
  • It will facilitate testing of components like emittance scanners and cesium ovens.
  • The design includes specific magnet configurations and RF coupling strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The NIO1 source represents a significant step in developing and validating negative ion source technology for fusion energy.
  • It will provide crucial experimental data to support the design and operation of ITER's neutral beam injector.
  • The project aims to enhance the reliability and performance of future fusion devices.