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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures
10:10

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures

Published on: December 1, 2020

rf improvements for Spallation Neutron Source H- ion source.

Y W Kang1, R Fuja, R H Goulding

  • 1Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA. kangyw@ornl.gov

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new ion source for the Spallation Neutron Source, improving beam current and system availability. Testing identified the 2 MHz radio frequency system as a limitation, prompting further development.

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High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
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Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures
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High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water
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High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Particle Accelerators
  • Plasma Physics
  • Ion Source Technology

Background:

  • The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is increasing proton beam power, requiring enhanced ion source performance.
  • Current radio frequency (rf)-driven multicusp ion source delivers 38 mA H(-) beam but faces availability challenges.
  • Upgrades are needed to meet the demands of higher beam power and improved operational reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a new rf-driven external antenna multicusp ion source with a water-cooled aluminum nitride (AlN) plasma chamber.
  • To analyze and improve the radio frequency (rf) performance and overall availability of the ion source system.
  • To address limitations in beam production and system reliability at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS).

Main Methods:

  • Computer modeling and simulations were employed to analyze and optimize the rf performance of the new ion source.
  • Operational statistics and test runs were conducted to evaluate beam current and system performance.
  • A 70 kV isolation transformer was tested for the 2 MHz amplifier to improve rf power system availability and maintenance.

Main Results:

  • The new rf-driven external antenna multicusp ion source with an AlN plasma chamber was developed.
  • Test runs achieved up to 56 mA medium energy beam transport beam current.
  • The 2 MHz rf system was identified as a limiting factor for system availability and beam production.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ion source shows promise for improved beam current and performance.
  • Addressing the limitations of the 2 MHz rf system is crucial for enhancing overall system availability.
  • Further development, including a separate 13 MHz system for plasma ignition, is underway to optimize performance and reliability.