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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface
11:00

Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface

Published on: October 2, 2016

A compact multipurpose nanomanipulator for use inside a scanning electron microscope.

E C Heeres1, A J Katan, M H van Es

  • 1Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new two-stage nanomanipulator for scanning electron microscopes enables precise nanoscale positioning. This device facilitates advanced fabrication and manipulation, creating a versatile nanofactory for novel scientific experiments.

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) requires precise manipulation tools.
  • Existing nanomanipulators may lack versatility or compact design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and construct a compact, two-stage nanomanipulator for SEM applications.
  • To enable advanced nanoscale fabrication and manipulation processes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a two-stage system with a piezostack fine stage (15 microm range) and a stick-slip motor coarse stage.
  • Integrated the nanomanipulator within a scanning electron microscope environment.

Main Results:

  • Achieved nanoscale positioning accuracy of approximately 10 nm for nanostructures.
  • Demonstrated novel manipulation processes including locating, picking up, and positioning.
  • Enabled in situ experiments like I-V measurements, welding, and etching.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanomanipulator functions as a multipurpose nanofactory.
  • This system opens new possibilities for nanoscale research and experimentation within SEM.