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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

Development and functional specialization of CD103+ dendritic cells.

Maria-Luisa del Rio1, Günter Bernhardt, Jose-Ignacio Rodriguez-Barbosa

  • 1Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Immunological Reviews
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

CD103-expressing dendritic cells (DCs) are key immune regulators. These CD103(+) DCs effectively present antigens and influence T cell responses, impacting gut immunity and homeostasis.

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

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Published on: May 18, 2018

Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro
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Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro

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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets
09:09

An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

Published on: April 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD103 (alpha(E)) integrin marks a distinct dendritic cell (DC) subset found in various organs.
  • CD103(+) DCs exhibit unique functional properties crucial for immune regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the role of murine CD103(+) DCs in immune responses.
  • To highlight their functions in antigen presentation, T cell priming, and immune homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CD103(+) dendritic cells.
  • Analysis of their migratory properties and antigen presentation capabilities.
  • Examination of their role in T cell differentiation and gut-homing receptor induction.

Main Results:

  • Migratory CD103(+) DCs efficiently perform cross-presentation of exogenous antigens to CD8(+) T cells.
  • Intestinal CD103(+) DCs induce gut-homing receptors (CCR9 and alpha(4)beta(7)) on primed T cells.
  • CD103(+) DCs promote the generation of induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) via TGF-beta and retinoic acid signaling, aiding intestinal homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Murine CD103(+) DCs are critical regulators of adaptive immunity.
  • Their functions in antigen presentation and T cell modulation are vital for immune surveillance and maintaining intestinal homeostasis.