Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Longitudinal changes in the antibody responses and adverse reactions across successive SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations from the primary series to the JN.1-adapted booster in hospital employees: A 4-year prospective cohort study.

Vaccine·2026
Same author

A Quantitative in Vitro Framework Reveals State-Dependent Pharmacological Responses to Repeated Inflammatory Stimulation in Synovial Fibroblasts.

Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin·2026
Same author

FXII Frameshift Variant Does Not Cause Hereditary Angioedema with Normal C1 Inhibitor.

Journal of clinical immunology·2026
Same author

High baseline CD317 expression on T cells predicts favorable anifrolumab response in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Impact of booster vaccinations and prior infection on COVID-19 symptom resolution during the 2025 NB.1.8.1-dominant epidemic in Japan: A retrospective multicenter study.

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy·2026
Same author

Medical effects of balneotherapy for managing diabetes and obesity: a review.

International journal of biometeorology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method
16:07

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method

Published on: September 16, 2017

Transmembrane TNF-alpha: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents.

Takahiko Horiuchi1, Hiroki Mitoma, Shin-ichi Harashima

  • 1Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan. horiuchi@intmed1.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a key role in inflammation. Different anti-TNF therapies show varied effects on transmembrane TNF-alpha, impacting their clinical efficacy in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatous conditions.

More Related Videos

Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization Propensity determined by ToxR Assay
06:45

Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization Propensity determined by ToxR Assay

Published on: May 26, 2011

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method
16:07

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method

Published on: September 16, 2017

Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization Propensity determined by ToxR Assay
06:45

Transmembrane Domain Oligomerization Propensity determined by ToxR Assay

Published on: May 26, 2011

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
09:53

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a precursor to soluble TNF-alpha and is expressed on various immune cells.
  • Both soluble and transmembrane TNF-alpha contribute to inflammatory responses.
  • Transmembrane TNF-alpha functions as a bipolar molecule, acting as both a ligand and receptor in cell-to-cell interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biology of transmembrane TNF-alpha.
  • To analyze the differential effects of anti-TNF agents (infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept) on transmembrane TNF-alpha.
  • To understand the basis for varying clinical efficacy of these agents in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatous diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of the biological functions of transmembrane TNF-alpha.
  • Analysis of how anti-TNF agents interact with both soluble and transmembrane TNF-alpha.
  • Comparison of clinical outcomes associated with different anti-TNF agents in rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatous diseases.

Main Results:

  • Anti-TNF agents bind and neutralize soluble TNF-alpha but have distinct effects on transmembrane TNF-alpha-expressing cells.
  • While infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept are equally effective for rheumatoid arthritis, etanercept is less effective for granulomatous diseases.
  • Infliximab is associated with a higher incidence of granulomatous infections compared to etanercept.

Conclusions:

  • Transmembrane TNF-alpha's role in granulomatous inflammation is critical.
  • Understanding transmembrane TNF-alpha's interaction with anti-TNF agents is key to explaining differential clinical efficacy.
  • This knowledge can guide the selection of appropriate anti-TNF therapies for specific inflammatory conditions.