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Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...
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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Published on: August 18, 2020

Cognitive style, personality and vulnerability to postnatal depression.

Lisa Jones1, Jan Scott, Caroline Cooper

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, UK.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Women with recurrent major depressive disorder and a history of postnatal depression share general depression vulnerabilities. However, specific personality traits do not increase the risk for developing depression after childbirth.

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Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Reproductive Psychiatry

Background:

  • Recurrent major depressive disorder affects some women, with a subset experiencing episodes during the postpartum period.
  • Personality and cognitive styles may influence the likelihood of developing postnatal depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if personality and cognitive styles predict vulnerability to postnatal episodes.
  • To assess if these factors predict postnatal episodes independently of their general association with depression.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of personality and cognitive style in women with recurrent major depressive disorder and a history of postnatal depression (PND group) versus healthy controls.
  • Examination of parous women with recurrent major depressive disorder but no perinatal episodes (NPND group) to differentiate general depression vulnerabilities from specific postnatal risks.

Main Results:

  • The PND group exhibited higher neuroticism, more dysfunctional beliefs, and lower self-esteem compared to controls.
  • No significant differences in these traits were found between the PND and NPND groups.

Conclusions:

  • Women with a history of postnatal depression show established personality and cognitive vulnerabilities associated with depression in general.
  • There is no evidence that these specific traits or styles confer a unique risk for the postnatal onset of depressive episodes.