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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

Published on: May 31, 2021

Work expectations, realizations, and depression in older workers.

Tracy A Falba¹, Jody L Sindelar, William T Gallo

¹Economics Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics

|March 3, 2010

Summary

Men who expected to work full-time but retired early reported more depressive symptoms. This unexpected work exit negatively impacts men's mental health near retirement age.

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Gerontology
Mental Health
Sociology of Work

Background:

Work expectations influence mental health outcomes in later life.
Understanding the psychological impact of retirement transitions is crucial for public health.
The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) provides longitudinal data on aging and work.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between ex ante work expectations and self-reported depressive symptoms at age 62.
To determine if workforce status at age 62 moderates the effect of work expectations on mental health.
To examine sex differences in the impact of work expectations on depressive symptoms.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 4,387 participants from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (born 1931-1941).
Estimation of the impact of subjective probability of full-time work at age 62 on depressive symptoms (CES-D scale).
Use of negative binomial and logistic regression, with sex-stratified analyses and control for demographic and life event variables.

Main Results:

Among men not working full-time at age 62, higher expectations of full-time work were associated with significantly worse depressive symptoms.
No similar association was found for women who were not working full-time at age 62.
No statistical relationship between work expectations and depressive symptoms was observed for participants (men or women) working full-time at age 62.

Conclusions:

An earlier-than-anticipated work exit negatively affects mental health in men nearing retirement age.
This effect may be linked to psychological stress from a transition inconsistent with prior expectations, particularly for men with strong occupational identities.
Findings highlight the need for targeted mental health support for men experiencing premature retirement.