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Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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The heterodimer of NF-κB...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

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Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
06:29

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay

Published on: March 2, 2011

IL-1beta processing in host defense: beyond the inflammasomes.

Mihai G Netea1, Anna Simon, Frank van de Veerdonk

  • 1Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, and Nijmegen Center for Infections, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Nijmegen, The Netherlands. m.netea@aig.umcn.nl

Plos Pathogens
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proinflammatory cytokines like Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-18 are crucial for host defense. While inflammasomes and caspase-1 are key, other proteases also process these cytokines during infection.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
06:29

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Published on: March 2, 2011

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
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Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

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Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages
06:52

Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages

Published on: May 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Proinflammatory cytokines, including Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-18, are vital for innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • These cytokines are secreted as inactive precursors, requiring proteolytic processing for activation.
  • Caspase-1, activated by inflammasomes, is a primary enzyme involved in processing pro-IL-1beta and pro-IL-18.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multifaceted mechanisms of IL-1beta and IL-18 processing during host defense.
  • To explore the role of inflammasomes and caspase-1 in cytokine activation.
  • To identify alternative pathways involved in IL-1beta/IL-18 maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cytokine processing and inflammasome activation.
  • Analysis of data from knockout mouse models deficient in caspase-1 or inflammasome components.
  • Examination of alternative protease activities in infection and sterile inflammation models.

Main Results:

  • Inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation is a significant pathway for IL-1beta/IL-18 processing.
  • Deficiency in caspase-1 or inflammasome components leads to increased susceptibility to certain infections.
  • Alternative mechanisms, including neutrophil serine proteases and microbial proteases, can also process IL-1beta.

Conclusions:

  • IL-1beta/IL-18 processing is a complex immunological process with multiple activation pathways.
  • While inflammasomes are important, they represent only one mechanism for cytokine maturation during infection.
  • Understanding these diverse pathways is crucial for developing effective immunotherapies.