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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
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Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

[HIV-associated neuropathies].

K Hahn1, I W Husstedt,

  • 1Klinik für Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsklinikum, Campus Mitte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin. katrin.hahn@charite.de

Der Nervenarzt
|March 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated polyneuropathy is a common neurological complication. Early and late HIV stages present distinct neuropathies, with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy being most frequent.

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Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation
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Published on: January 12, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
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Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation
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Quantification of Cerebral Vascular Architecture using Two-photon Microscopy in a Mouse Model of HIV-induced Neuroinflammation

Published on: January 12, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • HIV-associated polyneuropathy is the most common neurological complication of HIV infection.
  • It is a significant global risk factor for neuropathy development.
  • HIV must be considered in patients presenting with neuropathy.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, diagnostics, pathophysiology, and management of HIV-associated polyneuropathies.
  • To highlight the diverse range of peripheral neuropathies in HIV infection based on disease stage.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering HIV in neuropathy cases.

Summary:

  • HIV-associated polyneuropathies vary with infection stage: inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies (acute Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy) occur early, while opportunistic infection-related syndromes (e.g., CMV polyradiculoneuropathy) manifest in late stages.
  • Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most prevalent neuropathy observed in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview to aid clinicians in diagnosing and managing HIV-associated polyneuropathies.
  • Enhances understanding of the relationship between HIV progression and neurological complications.
  • Informs future research directions for therapeutic strategies against HIV-related nerve damage.