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Aging

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...

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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Biogerontology in Austria.

Ursula Azizi-Semrad¹, Johannes Grillari, Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein

¹Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

|March 3, 2010

Summary

Austrian biogerontology research is advancing, with key institutions like the Institute for Biomedical Aging Research leading the way. This overview highlights diverse research groups across academic and extramural settings in Austria.

Area of Science:

Biogerontology
Aging Research

Background:

Significant advancements in biogerontology have been made in Austria.
Biogerontological research is conducted in both academic and extramural institutions.
The Institute for Biomedical Aging Research (IBA) in Innsbruck is a major hub for this research.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the work of selected research groups in biogerontology within Austria.
To provide a geographically organized overview of biogerontology research in Austria.

Main Methods:

Review of research activities in Austrian institutions.
Geographic arrangement of described research groups.

Main Results:

Biogerontology research is active across multiple Austrian universities and research centers.

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

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Published on: June 3, 2020

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Continuous High-resolution Microscopic Observation of Replicative Aging in Budding Yeast

Continuous High-resolution Microscopic Observation of Replicative Aging in Budding Yeast

Published on: August 20, 2013

Key institutions include IBA, Universities of Salzburg and Graz, and Medical Universities in Vienna, Innsbruck, and Graz.

Other contributing institutions include the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna and the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna.

Conclusions:

Austria has a robust and geographically distributed network of biogerontology research.
The described institutions represent significant contributions to the field of aging research in Austria.