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Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
Depressants01:28

Depressants

Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
08:14

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Published on: August 26, 2014

[Addiction].

Jacques Besson1, Charles Bonsack, Carina Ferrari

  • 1Service de Psychiatrie Communautarie DP-CHUV, Lausanne. Jacques.Besson@chuv.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse
|March 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

2009 medical news highlights addiction as a bio-psycho-social issue. Key updates include cardiac risks in opioid treatment, hepatitis C in addiction, craving neuroscience, electronic media disorders, and cannabis-psychosis links.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine and Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Context:

  • 2009 medical news confirms the bio-psycho-social model of addiction.
  • Highlights include opioid substitution treatments, hepatitis C in addicted populations, and emerging electronic media disorders.

Purpose:

  • To summarize key developments in addiction medicine and psychiatry from 2009.
  • To review advancements in understanding craving, its endophenotypical components, and the relationship between cannabis and psychosis.

Summary:

  • Opioid substitution treatments carry cardiac arrhythmia risks.
  • Hepatitis C treatment is crucial for addicted individuals.
  • Cognitive neuroscience advances understanding of craving.
  • Electronic media disorders represent a new frontier in addiction.
  • New data links cannabis use to psychosis.

Impact:

  • Provides a concise overview of critical 2009 findings in addiction research.
  • Informs clinicians and researchers about the multifaceted nature of addiction and its associated health concerns.
  • Highlights the need for integrated care and further research into novel addiction-related disorders and substance effects.