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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Published on: August 21, 2014

Non-coding RNAs in mammalian sexual development.

L McFarlane1, D Wilhelm

  • 1Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld., Australia.

Sexual Development : Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution, Endocrinology, Embryology, and Pathology of Sex Determination and Differentiation
|March 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene regulation is shifting focus to RNA's role in development. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial for understanding mammalian sexual development and reproduction.

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A Novel Saturation Mutagenesis Approach: Single Step Characterization of Regulatory Protein Binding Sites in RNA Using Phosphorothioates
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene regulation is fundamental to cellular function and organism development.
  • RNA's role has expanded beyond its traditional intermediary function.
  • Mammalian sexual development involves complex cellular differentiation and tissue morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the emerging importance of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in gene regulation.
  • To emphasize the necessity of studying ncRNAs for a complete understanding of mammalian sexual development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on gene regulation and RNA biology.
  • Analysis of the role of ncRNAs in developmental pathways.
  • Focus on mammalian reproductive systems and sexual phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • RNA is now recognized as a key regulator in complex developmental pathways.
  • Non-coding RNAs play a significant role in coordinating mammalian sexual development.
  • Understanding ncRNAs is essential for a comprehensive view of reproductive biology.

Conclusions:

  • The field of gene regulation is undergoing a paradigm shift, recognizing RNA's central role.
  • Non-coding RNAs are critical components in the intricate processes of mammalian sexual development.
  • Further investigation into ncRNAs is imperative for advancing reproductive biology and developmental science.