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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
10:18

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

Published on: February 21, 2017

Soft x-ray imaging with toroidal mirrors.

Y Sakayanagi, S Aoki

    Applied Optics
    |March 4, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers fabricated small toroidal mirrors for X-ray imaging. This involved creating a polished molybdenum mandrel and casting a glass replica, demonstrating a novel method for high-resolution X-ray optics.

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    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

    Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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    Published on: February 21, 2017

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    Lensfree On-chip Tomographic Microscopy Employing Multi-angle Illumination and Pixel Super-resolution

    Published on: August 16, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and X-ray imaging technology.

    Background:

    • Toroidal mirrors are crucial for focusing X-rays in various imaging applications.
    • Fabricating small, high-precision toroidal mirrors presents significant manufacturing challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To detail a method for fabricating small toroidal mirrors in tandem for X-ray imaging.
    • To present a technique for achieving precise optical surfaces on toroidal mirror replicas.

    Main Methods:

    • A male mandrel was precisely ground and polished from a molybdenum rod.
    • A glass replica of the mandrel was cast.
    • The glass replica was lightly polished to achieve the final toroidal mirror surface.

    Main Results:

    • The fabrication process yielded small toroidal mirrors suitable for tandem use.
    • A detailed method for polishing the male mandrel was successfully implemented.
    • The effectiveness of the fabricated mirrors was demonstrated through X-ray imaging of a copper mesh at 8.3 Angstroms.

    Conclusions:

    • The described fabrication method is effective for producing small toroidal mirrors for X-ray applications.
    • The tandem arrangement of these mirrors shows promise for advanced X-ray imaging systems.
    • This technique offers a viable approach for creating custom toroidal optics for scientific instrumentation.