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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar absorptivity (ε) or log ε on the y-axis (ordinate)...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...

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Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
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Diffuse-direct ultraviolet ratios with a compact double monochromator.

L M Garrison, L E Murray, D D Doda

    Applied Optics
    |March 4, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents an improved system for measuring ultraviolet (UV) light ratios, crucial for understanding biological effects near the atmospheric limit. The new system enhances signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for more accurate UV measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric optics
    • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation measurement
    • Biologically active radiation

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of UV light ratios is essential for assessing biological impacts.
    • Existing systems face challenges in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) below 300 nm.
    • Understanding the diffuse skylight to direct sunlight ratio is critical at the atmospheric limit.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and implement an improved system for measuring the ratio of diffuse skylight to direct sunlight.
    • To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the biologically active UV region, particularly below 300 nm.
    • To provide accurate UV ratio data for atmospheric and biological studies.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a double monochromator with holographic gratings to minimize stray light.
    • Employed a cooled photomultiplier tube to improve sensitivity and reduce noise.
    • Implemented both scan and narrowband photometry modes for data acquisition.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a greatly improved SNR below 300 nm.
    • Obtained accurate UV ratio measurements, especially near 290 nm, using the narrowband photometry mode.
    • Demonstrated the system's capability to collect representative data for theoretical modeling.

    Conclusions:

    • The improved system provides enhanced accuracy for UV ratio measurements.
    • The system's compact design facilitates mobile monitoring applications.
    • The data and theoretical model contribute to a better understanding of UV radiation dynamics.