Optical coupling from fibers to channel waveguides formed on silicon

Direct coupling of light from fibers supported in preferentially etched grooves on a silicon surface to channel waveguides formed in the same grooves is demonstrated. Criteria are presented for choosing a groove geometry that matches the center of the fiber to the center of the waveguide and thereby yielding optimum coupling. Channel waveguide tapering and integration of detectors into the channel waveguide termination are demonstrated. A general configuration allowing CCD time multiplexing is introduced.