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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

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Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity
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Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

Published on: September 28, 2022

Viking infrared thermal mapper.

S C Chase, J L Engel, H W Eyerly

    Applied Optics
    |March 4, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) aboard the Viking Orbiter measured Mars

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    Area of Science:

    • Planetary Science
    • Infrared Spectroscopy
    • Remote Sensing

    Background:

    • Mars' surface and atmospheric temperatures are crucial for understanding planetary processes.
    • Previous missions lacked comprehensive thermal mapping capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure emitted and reflected radiance of Mars using the Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM).
    • To map thermal properties across various Martian regions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized four Cassegrainian telescopes on the Viking Orbiter.
    • Employed twenty-eight channels across thermal and solar reflectance bands (6–30 micrometers).
    • Simultaneous sampling with spacecraft scanning mapped radiance over diverse areas.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully mapped Martian radiance using infrared and solar reflectance data.
    • Provided detailed thermal band measurements from 6 to 30 micrometers.

    Conclusions:

    • The IRTM instrument provided valuable data for Martian thermal studies.
    • Enabled comprehensive mapping of Mars' thermal characteristics.