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Visualizing Oceanographic Data to Depict Long-term Changes in Phytoplankton

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Color of the ocean.

G N Plass, T J Humphreys, G W Kattawar

|March 4, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study models ocean color by tracking solar photons through the atmosphere and ocean, considering scattering and absorption. Results show how water constituents like chlorophyll influence observed ocean hues.

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Area of Science:

Ocean optics
Atmospheric radiative transfer
Computational physics

Background:

Ocean color is a complex optical property influenced by atmospheric and oceanic conditions.
Accurate modeling requires accounting for light scattering and absorption processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a realistic model for calculating ocean color.
To investigate the influence of atmospheric and oceanic constituents on perceived ocean color.
To compare model results with approximate theories.

Main Methods:

Utilized a Monte Carlo technique to simulate solar photon pathways through the atmosphere and into the ocean.
Incorporated reflection and refraction at the ocean surface.
Calculated upward and downward radiative flux at various atmospheric heights and wavelengths (0.4–0.7 µm).

Main Results:

The model accurately calculates ocean color, considering scattering and absorption.
One-dimensional and single-scattering theories provide approximations, with the former achieving ~10% accuracy.
Ocean color varies predictably with concentrations of hydrosols, chlorophyll, and yellow substances, shifting from blue to green and yellow-green hues.

Conclusions:

Ocean color near the horizon is dominated by sky reflection.
Upwelling light, observable near the nadir, reveals information about water constituents.
The model demonstrates a clear relationship between water composition and observed ocean color, crucial for remote sensing and oceanographic studies.