Lidar measurements of rotational Raman and double scattering

Area of Science:

• Atmospheric Optics
• Remote Sensing

Background:

• Raman backscattering signals are crucial for atmospheric analysis.
• Unusually strong signals from clouds require explanation beyond simple filter effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the cause of unusually strong Raman backscattering signals from clouds.
• To evaluate the role of multiple scattering in atmospheric Raman signals.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of experimental Raman backscattering data from clouds.
• Theoretical calculations of Raman double and multiple scattering in optically dense atmospheres.

Main Results:

• Unusually strong Raman signals are not solely attributable to filter on-line leakage.
• Raman multiple scattering effects are significant in high optical depth atmospheres.
• Theoretical calculations show good agreement with experimental data.

Conclusions:

• Multiple scattering is a key factor influencing strong Raman backscattering signals in clouds.
• The findings improve the understanding of atmospheric remote sensing data interpretation.