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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.
Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

Muscles of the Vertebral Column

The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
The superficial layer consists primarily of the splenius muscles, which include the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. These muscles are mainly responsible for the head and cervical spine movements, including extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability
11:30

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability

Published on: July 25, 2025

[Intervertebral instability].

M C Colaiacomo1, A Tortora, C Di Biasi

  • 1Radiologia DEA, Az. Policlinico Umberto I, Università Sapienza, Roma, Italia.

La Clinica Terapeutica
|March 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing degenerative lumbar intervertebral instability remains challenging due to unclear criteria. This study explores imaging techniques for diagnosing vertebral instability and its link to lower back pain.

More Related Videos

A Mouse Model of Lumbar Spine Instability
05:28

A Mouse Model of Lumbar Spine Instability

Published on: April 23, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability
11:30

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability

Published on: July 25, 2025

A Mouse Model of Lumbar Spine Instability
05:28

A Mouse Model of Lumbar Spine Instability

Published on: April 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
  • Radiology and Medical Imaging
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Clinical diagnosis of degenerative lumbar intervertebral instability lacks clear criteria.
  • Lumbar pain is a common symptom but not specific to instability.
  • A clear correlation between imaging findings and clinical symptoms of spinal instability is not established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate imaging modalities for diagnosing vertebral instability.
  • To explore the association between degenerative changes and lower back pain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic imaging techniques for suspected vertebral instability.
  • Analysis of the relationship between degenerative changes and clinical presentation of lower back pain.

Main Results:

  • Imaging plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and management of suspected vertebral instability.
  • Despite diagnostic challenges, there is growing consensus on identifying suspected vertebral instability.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to clarify diagnostic criteria for degenerative lumbar intervertebral instability.
  • Imaging modalities are crucial for evaluating patients with suspected vertebral instability and lower back pain.