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SPECT, MRI and cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis.

C Pozzilli1, D Passafiume, S Bernardi

  • 1University of Rome, Department of Neurological Science, Italy.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
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Cognitive impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were linked to brain changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) revealed reduced brain activity, particularly in the left temporal lobe, correlating with memory and verbal fluency deficits.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Cognitive dysfunction is a common but often under-recognized symptom in MS patients, even with mild physical disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cognitive performance, brain structure (MRI), and brain activity (SPECT) in relapsing-remitting MS patients with mild physical disability.

Main Methods:

  • Seventeen MS patients and 17 healthy controls underwent neuropsychological testing, MRI, and SPECT using technetium 99m (99mTc) hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO).
  • MRI assessed lesion load and ventricular width.
  • SPECT measured regional brain activity ratios.

Main Results:

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  • MS patients showed deficits in verbal fluency, naming, and memory compared to controls.
  • MRI measures, including periventricular and confluent lesion scores and third ventricle width, differentiated cognitive impairment.
  • SPECT revealed reduced regional brain activity in MS patients' frontal and left temporal lobes.
  • Left temporal lobe abnormalities on SPECT correlated with verbal fluency and memory deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive impairments in MS are associated with measurable structural and functional brain changes.
  • MRI and SPECT are valuable tools for detecting and understanding cognitive deficits in MS.
  • Left-sided temporo-parietal brain involvement may play a significant role in specific cognitive deficits observed in MS.