Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.

Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Evolutionary history drives organ-specific variability in plant non-structural carbohydrates.

Nature ecology & evolution·2026

Same author

Diel-driven variations of leaf dark respiration and metabolite levels in C3 and C4 grasses.

Plant physiology·2026

Same author

A systems modelling approach to predict biological responses to extreme heat.

Trends in ecology & evolution·2026

Same author

Wheat leaf dark respiration acclimates more strongly at night than in the day when responding to nocturnal warming.

Journal of experimental botany·2026

Same author

High-temperature acclimation of photosystem II in land plants.

The New phytologist·2025

Same author

Importance of the leaf respiratory quotient.

Physiologia plantarum·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato

Published on: June 7, 2024

Thermal de-acclimation: how permanent are leaf phenotypes when cold-acclimated plants experience warming?

Peter A Gorsuch¹, Subedar Pandey, Owen K Atkin

¹Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK.

Plant, Cell & Environment

|March 5, 2010

Summary

Transient cold exposure during early Arabidopsis thaliana development causes irreversible changes in leaf morphology and physiology. Even short cold periods permanently alter leaf anatomy, impacting future growth and warm-acclimated characteristics.

More Related Videos

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Transpiration by Large-Scale Thermal Imaging Screening in Helianthus Annuus

Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Transpiration by Large-Scale Thermal Imaging Screening in Helianthus Annuus

Published on: January 30, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato

Published on: June 7, 2024

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Transpiration by Large-Scale Thermal Imaging Screening in Helianthus Annuus

Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Transpiration by Large-Scale Thermal Imaging Screening in Helianthus Annuus

Published on: January 30, 2020

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Developmental Biology
Environmental Stress Physiology

Background:

Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) leaf development is sensitive to environmental conditions.
Understanding cold acclimation and de-acclimation is crucial for plant adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the duration of cold exposure required for irreversible cold acclimation in developing Arabidopsis leaves.
To investigate the anatomical and physiological changes associated with cold de-acclimation in leaves.

Main Methods:

Quantification of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf phenotypes after varying durations of cold (5°C) and warm (25/20°C) treatments.
Analysis of leaf morphology, anatomy, photosynthesis, respiration, and carbohydrate profiles.

Main Results:

Leaves exposed to cold during early development showed limited plasticity in photosynthesis and respiration, retaining a cold-associated carbohydrate profile.
Leaf expansion rate in warm conditions was inversely proportional to prior cold exposure duration.
As little as 5 days of cold exposure to immature leaves caused irreversible morphological changes, with 15 days leading to permanent anatomical alterations.

Conclusions:

Transitory cold exposure during early leaf development significantly impacts the final leaf phenotype.
Irreversible changes in leaf anatomy and morphology occur even after short cold treatments, affecting leaves that mature in warm conditions.