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Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Correlating Gene-specific DNA Methylation Changes with Expression and Transcriptional Activity of Astrocytic KCNJ10 (Kir4.1)
11:19

Correlating Gene-specific DNA Methylation Changes with Expression and Transcriptional Activity of Astrocytic KCNJ10 (Kir4.1)

Published on: September 26, 2015

Exercise effects on methylation of ASC gene.

K Nakajima1, M Takeoka, M Mori

  • 1Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|March 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Regular moderate exercise can reduce inflammation by influencing gene methylation. Exercise training helps to reverse age-related changes in ASC gene methylation, potentially lowering pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

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An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Correlating Gene-specific DNA Methylation Changes with Expression and Transcriptional Activity of Astrocytic KCNJ10 (Kir4.1)
11:19

Correlating Gene-specific DNA Methylation Changes with Expression and Transcriptional Activity of Astrocytic KCNJ10 (Kir4.1)

Published on: September 26, 2015

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C
11:53

An Alternative Culture Method to Maintain Genomic Hypomethylation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using MEK Inhibitor PD0325901 and Vitamin C

Published on: June 1, 2018

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Chronic inflammation is linked to aging and various diseases.
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta and IL-18, play a key role in inflammation.
  • The ASC gene regulates the secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18, and its expression is influenced by methylation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epigenetic effects of aging and exercise on ASC gene methylation.
  • To analyze the relationship between exercise, carcinogenesis, and P15 tumor suppressor gene methylation.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-month high-intensity interval walking exercise program was implemented.
  • DNA methylation analysis (pyrosequencing) was performed on peripheral blood samples.
  • Participants were categorized into young control, older control, and older exercise groups.

Main Results:

  • ASC gene methylation decreased significantly with age, suggesting increased ASC expression in older adults.
  • Exercise training increased ASC gene methylation compared to older controls, implying reduced ASC expression.
  • P15 tumor suppressor gene methylation was not affected by age or exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic moderate exercise can counteract age-related decreases in ASC gene methylation.
  • Exercise may suppress excess pro-inflammatory cytokine production by reducing ASC expression.
  • Epigenetic modifications, specifically ASC gene methylation, are a key mechanism for exercise's anti-inflammatory effects.