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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

[Attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity: a pattern of evolution?].

E Cardo1, A Nevot, M Redondo

  • 1Hospital Son Llàtzer, Baleares, España. ecardojalon@gmail.com

Revista De Neurologia
|March 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common condition, may offer evolutionary advantages due to its association with positively selected genes. This suggests ADHD could enhance reproductive fitness despite individual challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Evolutionary Biology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Context:

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 5-10% of the population.
  • The seven-repeat allele of DRD4, associated with ADHD, shows evidence of positive selection in human evolution.

Purpose:

  • To explore the hypothesis that ADHD confers evolutionary advantages.
  • To examine the relationship between ADHD, gene selection, and reproductive fitness.
  • To discuss the prevalence, age, and sex distributions of ADHD's heterogeneity.

Summary:

  • Genes with population frequencies >1% are considered positively selected, not random mutations.
  • The high prevalence and specific genetic associations of ADHD suggest a potential role in enhancing individual or group reproductive fitness.
  • ADHD's diversity may provide population-level benefits, similar to immunity.

Impact:

  • This perspective challenges the view of ADHD solely as a disorder, proposing potential societal benefits.
  • Understanding the evolutionary context of ADHD could inform future research and therapeutic strategies.
  • Altered gene combinations, as seen in ADHD, might offer societal advantages at the cost of individual detriment.