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Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
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MAPK Signaling Cascades

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages
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Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages

Published on: May 21, 2018

Signaling by ROS drives inflammasome activation.

Fabio Martinon1

  • 1Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. fmartino@hsph.harvard.edu

European Journal of Immunology
|March 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Inflammasomes are key innate immune sensors. Recent findings show reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial secondary messengers for NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation.

Area of Science:

  • Innate immunity
  • Molecular mechanisms of inflammation

Background:

  • Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes central to innate immunity.
  • They mediate the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18.
  • The NLRP3 inflammasome is extensively studied but its activation mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation.
  • To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.

Main Methods:

  • This study focuses on the signaling pathways involved in inflammasome activation.
  • Investigating the production of ROS by NLRP3 inflammasome activators.
  • Assessing the necessity of ROS as secondary messengers in inflammasome activation.

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Visualization of Inflammatory Caspases Induced Proximity in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

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Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
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Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 22, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages
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Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages

Published on: May 21, 2018

Visualization of Inflammatory Caspases Induced Proximity in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
08:41

Visualization of Inflammatory Caspases Induced Proximity in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

Published on: April 6, 2022

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
09:04

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 22, 2014

Main Results:

  • Recent findings indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome activators produce ROS.
  • ROS are essential secondary messengers for NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
  • This highlights a critical role for oxidative stress in inflammasome signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
  • Understanding ROS involvement deepens our knowledge of innate immune responses.
  • This pathway is a potential target for modulating inflammatory diseases.