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Anxiety: Overview01:18

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
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Does childhood anxiety evoke maternal control? A genetically informed study.

Thalia C Eley1, Maria Napolitano, Jennifer Y F Lau

  • 1Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. thalia.eley@kcl.ac.uk

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|March 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Maternal control is highly heritable and linked to child anxiety. Shared genetic factors explain the association, suggesting anxious children may elicit controlling behaviors from their mothers.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • The link between maternal control and child anxiety is established, but its origins are understudied.
  • Previous research lacks observer-ratings of maternal control in genetically informative designs.
  • This study investigates the interplay of genetics and environment in maternal control and child anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if children experiencing maternal control report higher anxiety.
  • To assess the genetic and environmental influences on maternal control and child anxiety.
  • To examine the genetic and environmental contributions to the association between maternal control and child anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an "etch-a-sketch" task to observe and rate maternal control in 530 8-year-old children and their mothers.
  • Assessed child anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED).
  • Employed a twin study design to investigate genetic and environmental influences.

Main Results:

  • Children exhibiting "extreme control" from their mothers reported significantly higher anxiety levels.
  • Maternal control demonstrated high heritability (A = .63), while high self-rated anxiety was less heritable (h²(g) = .36).
  • The correlation between high child anxiety and maternal control was largely attributable to shared genetic factors.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal control is significantly influenced by genetic factors.
  • The association between maternal control and child anxiety appears to be primarily driven by shared genetic predispositions.
  • Findings suggest that children with higher anxiety levels may elicit controlling behaviors from their mothers.