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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Endoscopic total thyroidectomy.

Ravi S Rao1, Titus D Duncan

  • 1Advanced Surgical Trainee, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Fellow Minimally Invasive Surgery, Atlanta Medical Center Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. ravi_rao_s@hotmail.com

JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons
|March 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endoscopic transaxillary total thyroidectomy (ETTT) is a safe and feasible alternative to open thyroidectomy, offering cosmetic benefits and improved visualization. While requiring more operative time initially, ETTT shows promise for thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Endocrine Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Open thyroidectomy is the standard surgical approach for thyroid and parathyroid conditions.
  • Endoscopic techniques are emerging as potential alternatives to traditional open surgery.
  • Evaluating novel minimally invasive approaches is crucial for advancing surgical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety and feasibility of endoscopic transaxillary total thyroidectomy (ETTT).
  • To compare ETTT with the established open thyroidectomy procedure.
  • To determine the oncologic and functional outcomes of ETTT.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 22 patients undergoing ETTT between January 2006 and September 2008.
  • Detailed recording of operative time, blood loss, and specimen weight.
  • Postoperative assessment for complications such as recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, hypocalcemia, and chest wall numbness.

Main Results:

  • No conversions to open surgery were required in the 22 patients.
  • Mean operative time was 238 minutes with a mean blood loss of 40 mL.
  • No permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or symptomatic hypocalcemia was observed; transient hoarseness and chest wall numbness were reported.
  • All patients were discharged within 24 hours.

Conclusions:

  • ETTT is a safe and feasible endoscopic surgical option for total thyroidectomy.
  • Cosmetic advantages and enhanced visualization of critical structures (nerves, parathyroids) are noted benefits.
  • While ETTT has a steep learning curve and longer operative time initially, outcomes are favorable and operative time is expected to decrease with experience.