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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
Published on: December 31, 2013
Hans-Otto Karnath1, Svenja Borchers, Marc Himmelbach
1Section of Neuropsychology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. Karnath@uni-tuebingen.de
Direct electrical stimulation (DES) may deactivate, not activate, the human cortex during movement intention studies. This uncertainty about DES effects hinders its use in validating cognitive models.
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