Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pilot Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Executive Function, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) among Adults with Excess Adiposity.

Obesities·2026
Same author

The role of oral contraceptive use in associations of concussion history with kynurenine pathway metabolites, inflammation, and psychological symptoms in female athletes.

Brain, behavior, & immunity - health·2026
Same author

Dissonance in the Sole Quality Measure for Outpatient Chemotherapy, OP-35.

JCO clinical cancer informatics·2025
Same author

The kynurenine pathway in pediatric "mild-to-moderate" traumatic brain injury: translational insights from a prospective human study and a large-animal model.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2025
Same author

Phase 1/2 trial of encorafenib, cetuximab, and nivolumab in microsatellite stable BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> metastatic colorectal cancer.

Cancer cell·2025
Same author

Proposed Policy Changes to Cancer Care and Oncologic Drug Reimbursement: Exploring the Rationale and Anticipating the Consequences.

American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays
08:56

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays

Published on: June 9, 2015

CD28 expression redefines thymocyte development during the pre-T to DP transition.

T Kent Teague1, Chibing Tan, Julie H Marino

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA.

International Immunology
|March 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

CD28 expression refines understanding of T-cell development, identifying specific thymocyte populations crucial for beta-selection and T-cell maturation. This detailed analysis offers new insights into early T-cell differentiation checkpoints.

More Related Videos

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

Preparation and Applications of Organotypic Thymic Slice Cultures
10:10

Preparation and Applications of Organotypic Thymic Slice Cultures

Published on: August 6, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays
08:56

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays

Published on: June 9, 2015

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

Preparation and Applications of Organotypic Thymic Slice Cultures
10:10

Preparation and Applications of Organotypic Thymic Slice Cultures

Published on: August 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Thymocyte differentiation involves critical checkpoints like beta-selection.
  • CD27 and CD28 are known indicators of thymocyte transition during beta-selection.
  • Further parsing of thymocyte subsets is needed for detailed analysis of early T-cell development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To utilize CD28 expression to further delineate thymocyte populations during beta-selection.
  • To assess Interleukin-7 (IL-7) signaling dynamics in relation to CD28 expression during T-cell development.
  • To refine the understanding of thymocyte differentiation pathways, particularly around the beta-selection checkpoint.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry analysis using CD25, CD28, CD44, and CD69 markers to define thymocyte subsets.
  • OP9-DL1 stromal cell co-culture to assess developmental potential of identified populations.
  • Quantitative analysis of gene expression for CD27, CD28, IL-7R alpha, and Bcl-2.

Main Results:

  • Six distinct double-negative (DN)/CD44(-) thymocyte populations were identified based on CD25 and CD28 expression.
  • A developmental trajectory from DN3a to DN4a populations was established, with specific DN4 subsets showing inefficient progression to double positive (DP) cells.
  • Interleukin-7 receptor alpha (IL-7R alpha) expression was transiently upregulated post-beta-selection, but without enhanced signaling, while CD28 mRNA increased and CD27, IL-7R alpha, and Bcl-2 transcripts decreased in later stages.
  • Pre-DP cells were precisely identified as the CD44(-)CD25(-)CD28(int)CD69(-)CD4(-/lo)CD8(-/lo) subset.

Conclusions:

  • CD28 expression provides a refined marker for dissecting thymocyte development through beta-selection.
  • The study establishes a more detailed map of early T-cell differentiation, highlighting specific subsets with varying developmental efficiencies.
  • This refined scheme facilitates a more precise evaluation of molecular events governing T-cell development at the beta-selection checkpoint.