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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

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A copper-polyol complex: [Na2(C2H6O2)6][Cu(C2H4O2)2].

Joseph H Rivers1, Kyler J Carroll, Richard A Jones

  • 1The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|March 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized a novel disodium-ethylene glycol complex cation cluster, a first in chemistry. This ionic complex features discrete ions linked by hydrogen bonds, offering new insights into coordination chemistry.

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Generation of Scalable, Metallic High-Aspect Ratio Nanocomposites in a Biological Liquid Medium

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[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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Published on: July 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ethylene glycol is a common solvent and ligand in coordination chemistry.
  • Copper(II) complexes exhibit diverse structural and electronic properties.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in stabilizing crystal structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel ionic complex involving copper(II) and ethylene glycol.
  • To investigate the structural features of the complex, including cation and anion arrangements.
  • To explore the formation of hydrogen bonding networks within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the complex from copper(II) chloride and ethylene glycol in a basic solution.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for detailed structural analysis.
  • Infrared spectroscopy to confirm the presence of ethylene glycolate ligands and hydrogen bonding.

Main Results:

  • The formation of a unique disodium-ethylene glycol complex cation cluster, [Na(2)(C(2)H(6)O(2))(6)]^2+.
  • Characterization of the copper(II) complex anion, [Cu(C(2)H(4)O(2))(2)]^2-.
  • Observation of discrete ions interconnected by a network of O-H...O hydrogen bonds.

Conclusions:

  • The study reports the first synthesis of a disodium-ethylene glycol complex cation cluster.
  • The crystal structure reveals discrete ionic components stabilized by extensive hydrogen bonding.
  • This work expands the understanding of coordination complexes involving alkali metals and transition metals with glycol-based ligands.