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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Fabrication and Testing of Photonic Thermometers

Published on: October 24, 2018

Electrically calibrated radiometer using a thin film thermopile.

L P Boivin, T C Smith

|March 6, 2010

Summary

This study details an electrically calibrated absolute radiometer, achieving high precision for accurate light measurements. This advancement is crucial for reliable scientific instrumentation and calibration standards.

Area of Science:

Optical Engineering
Metrology
Instrumentation Science

Background:

Accurate measurement of optical radiation is fundamental across scientific disciplines.
Existing radiometer technologies may have limitations in precision or calibration.
The need for reliable absolute radiometers for precise calibration is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the fabrication and characteristics of a novel electrically calibrated absolute radiometer.
To evaluate the performance and precision of the developed radiometer.
To validate the radiometer's accuracy through comparative measurements.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of the radiometer receiver using evaporated chromium-nickel thermopile, electrical shield, copper thermal diffuser, chromium heating element, and goldblack absorber.

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Utilization of evaporated silicon monoxide for insulating layers.

Employing a photoetching process for thermopile and heater construction.

Main Results:

A 28-junction radiometer demonstrated a responsivity of 93 mV/W and Noise Equivalent Power (NEP) of 50 nW in air.
The device exhibited a time constant of 15 seconds and surface responsivity uniformity better than 1%.
The radiometers require minimal corrections, with an overall precision of at least 0.5% at 50 microW.

Conclusions:

The developed electrically calibrated absolute radiometer offers high precision and reliability.
The design incorporates robust materials and fabrication techniques for enhanced performance.
Comparative measurements confirm the claimed accuracy, supporting its utility in radiometric applications.