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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Quantitative Characterization of Liquid Photosensitive Bioink Properties for Continuous Digital Light Processing Based Printing
04:32

Quantitative Characterization of Liquid Photosensitive Bioink Properties for Continuous Digital Light Processing Based Printing

Published on: April 14, 2023

Yule-Nielsen effect in printing: a physical analysis.

F R Ruckdeschel, O G Hauser

    Applied Optics
    |March 6, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Yule-Nielsen parameter n, crucial for print analysis, is linked to light scattering in paper. Its accuracy is confirmed in highlight regions but shows limitations in shadow areas, especially at higher coverage.

    Area of Science:

    • Color Science
    • Print Technology
    • Optical Physics

    Background:

    • The Yule-Nielsen equation is a standard model for predicting color reproduction in printing.
    • The parameter 'n' in this equation accounts for light scattering within the substrate.
    • Understanding 'n' is key to accurate halftone reproduction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To derive the Yule-Nielsen parameter 'n' using the point spread function.
    • To analyze the dependence of 'n' on screen frequency and area coverage.
    • To assess the physical adequacy of the Yule-Nielsen equation in different tonal regions.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation of the Yule-Nielsen parameter 'n' based on the point spread function.
    • Analysis of light scattering in paper substrates with halftone patterns.

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    Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

    Quantitative Characterization of Liquid Photosensitive Bioink Properties for Continuous Digital Light Processing Based Printing
    04:32

    Quantitative Characterization of Liquid Photosensitive Bioink Properties for Continuous Digital Light Processing Based Printing

    Published on: April 14, 2023

    Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers
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    Real-Time Imaging of Bonding in 3D-Printed Layers

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  • Mathematical modeling of 'n' behavior under varying conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • 'n' shows weak dependence on screen frequency and area coverage in highlight regions.
    • 'n' becomes highly dependent on these parameters in shadow regions, a factor not in the Yule-Nielsen equation.
    • 'n' approaches 1.0 for specular surfaces and 2.0 for perfect diffusers.

    Conclusions:

    • The Yule-Nielsen equation is adequate for highlight and medium shadow regions.
    • Accurate 'n' determination is possible across frequencies using inferred scattering length.
    • Empirical determination of 'n' is valid only below 50% area coverage.