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Related Concept Videos

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

Diabetes is a proinflammatory state: a translational perspective.

Sridevi Devaraj1, Mohan R Dasu, Ishwarlal Jialal

  • 1Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, Department of Pathology, UC Davis Medical Center, Research One Building, 4635 Second Avenue Room 3000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|March 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis due to increased inflammation. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are proinflammatory states, contributing to diabetic vasculopathies and cardiovascular complications.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis.
  • Inflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
  • Diabetic complications, particularly vasculopathies, are linked to heightened inflammatory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of inflammation in diabetes-associated atherogenesis.
  • To identify specific markers and pathways indicating a proinflammatory state in diabetes.
  • To explore the contribution of inflammation to diabetic vasculopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on inflammation markers in diabetic patients.
  • Analysis of studies measuring C-reactive protein, plasminogen-activator inhibitor, and cytokine levels (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha).
  • Examination of research on monocyte adhesion, NF-kappaB activity, and Toll-like receptor expression in diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Diabetic states exhibit elevated levels of C-reactive protein and plasminogen-activator inhibitor.
  • Increased release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha) and enhanced monocyte adhesion were observed.
  • Elevated NF-kappaB activity and increased Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression/activity were noted in diabetic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are characterized by a proinflammatory state.
  • This heightened inflammation contributes significantly to the accelerated atherogenesis and vasculopathies seen in diabetic patients.
  • Targeting inflammation may be a crucial strategy for managing diabetic cardiovascular complications.