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Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
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[Bordetella pertussis infection].

Angela Gentile1

  • 1División Epidemiología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez. angelagentile@fibertel.com.ar

Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria
|March 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Whooping cough, a contagious respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis, is discussed, including vaccination history and recent outbreaks. The resurgence in children and adults highlights ongoing public health concerns.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis.
  • Vaccination against pertussis has been available for over 40 years.
  • Recent years have seen a resurgence of pertussis in several countries.

Purpose:

  • To describe the physiopathological, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of whooping cough.
  • To review vaccination schedules and their evolution.
  • To highlight recent outbreaks and disease recrudescence.

Summary:

  • The abstract covers the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis infections.
  • It details the history of pertussis vaccination schedules and discusses outbreaks in Argentina.

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  • The recrudescence of whooping cough, especially in younger populations, is emphasized.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding pertussis epidemiology is crucial for public health strategies.
    • Vaccination remains a key intervention, though evolving schedules may be needed.
    • The resurgence highlights the importance of continued surveillance and control measures for pertussis.