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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

Intravesical therapy for bladder cancer.

Steve K Williams¹, David M Hoenig, Reza Ghavamian

¹Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

|March 9, 2010

Summary

Adjuvant intravesical therapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) can prevent recurrence and progression. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a common first-line treatment, while chemotherapy options vary based on cost and toxicity.

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Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

Area of Science:

Urology
Oncology
Pharmacology

Background:

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is effective but recurrence rates can be as high as 45% within one year.
A significant risk of tumor progression to muscle-invasive or metastatic cancer exists post-TURBT.
Adjuvant intravesical therapy is crucial for preventing tumor cell implantation, eradicating residual disease, and reducing recurrence and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the role of risk assessment in managing nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
To outline indications for intravesical agent use in NMIBC.
To review findings from major clinical trials on intravesical agents.

Main Methods:

Review of risk stratification in NMIBC management.
Summary of randomized clinical trials for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), interferon, and chemotherapeutic agents.
Analysis of drug pharmacology, efficacy, side effects, and toxicity.

Main Results:

Risk assessment guides the selection of appropriate intravesical therapy.
Overview of various intravesical agents currently used in the United States.
Understanding gained on the role of risk assessment and available treatment options.

Conclusions:

Intravesical therapy selection is based on European prognostic risk groups.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the primary immunotherapeutic agent for high-grade bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ.
Chemotherapy prevents recurrence but not progression; agent selection depends on cost, toxicity, and physician preference.