Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

Neurons as Communicators of the Brain

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CSF1R inhibition exacerbates gamma oscillation disruption and induces network hyperexcitability in APP/PS1 mice.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Biomonitoring of nutritional and toxic elements in raw and cooked rice in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study, Bangladesh.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026
Same author

Influenza Antiviral Prescriptions in the US Inpatient and Outpatient Settings During the 2015-2022 Influenza Seasons.

Influenza and other respiratory viruses·2026
Same author

PERsonalised Medicine for Intensification of Treatment (PERMIT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a target trial emulation from routine data.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)·2026
Same author

Interplay Between the Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis and the Immune System in Viral Neuroinvasion and CNS Pathogenesis.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same author

From sensing to shaping: microglial responses in the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis.

Current opinion in immunology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

Neurons under viral attack: victims or warriors?

Swarupa Chakraborty1, Arshed Nazmi, Kallol Dutta

  • 1National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India.

Neurochemistry International
|March 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Neurons can mount their own defense against viral infections within the central nervous system (CNS). This innate immune response involves neurons expressing unique immune factors to combat neurotropic viruses.

More Related Videos

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
08:07

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line

Published on: February 17, 2016

Viral Tracing of Genetically Defined Neural Circuitry
13:06

Viral Tracing of Genetically Defined Neural Circuitry

Published on: October 17, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
08:07

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line

Published on: February 17, 2016

Viral Tracing of Genetically Defined Neural Circuitry
13:06

Viral Tracing of Genetically Defined Neural Circuitry

Published on: October 17, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The central nervous system (CNS) requires intrinsic antiviral defenses due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limiting peripheral immune cell access.
  • CNS cells like microglia and astrocytes are known immune sentinels, but neurons were historically not recognized for active antiviral roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze current research on how neurons alter protein expression during viral infections.
  • To understand the role of these neuronal immune factors in the CNS innate immune response against neurotropic viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on CNS antiviral immunity.
  • Analysis of studies detailing neuronal protein expression changes in response to viral insults.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests neurons can express immune factors typically found in lymphoid tissues when facing extracellular insults.
  • This conditional protein expression represents an intrinsic CNS defense mechanism against viral proliferation and pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Neurons play a conditional, active role in the CNS innate immune response to viral infections.
  • Understanding neuronal immune factor expression is crucial for developing strategies against neurotropic viral diseases.