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Published on: February 23, 2015
Where to find facial artery perforators: a reference point
Zhi Yang Ng1, Quentin A Fogg, Taimur Shoaib
1Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ, UK.
Summary
Facial artery perforator (FAP) flaps offer improved midface reconstruction. This study quantifies FAP anatomy, identifying a key reference point to aid surgeons in utilizing these valuable flaps for facial defects.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Anatomy
- Surgical Techniques
Background:
- Facial artery perforator (FAP) flaps are increasingly used in midface reconstructive surgery.
- These flaps offer enhanced aesthetic outcomes and streamline procedures from two stages to one.
- Wider adoption is hindered by insufficient anatomical understanding.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a detailed anatomical description of facial artery perforator (FAP) branches.
- To quantify key measurements of the facial artery (FA) and its perforating branches.
- To identify a reliable reference point for FAP flap design.
Main Methods:
- A cadaveric dissection study of 16 hemifaces.
- Identification and cannulation of the facial artery (FA) with colored latex.
- Quantification of FA and FAP dimensions using ImageJ software.
Main Results:
- Detailed measurements of FA length (116±22 mm) and diameter (2.62±0.74 mm).
- Average of 4±2 FAP branches per hemiface, with a mean length of 14.12±3.46 mm and diameter of 0.94±0.29 mm.
- Identification of a consistent origin point (Point A) for FAPs.
Conclusions:
- FAP flaps are a viable and valuable reconstructive option.
- Precise anatomical data and the identified reference point facilitate FAP flap design.
- This technique aids reconstruction of nasal, perinasal, and perioral defects.
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